Overview:
Craspedocephalus travancoricus is a recently described pit viper species from the southern tip of the Western Ghats. Although it was previously mistaken for C. malabaricus or C. anamallensis, detailed studies have now confirmed it as a genetically and geographically distinct species. This elegant green viper inhabits the higher reaches of the Agasthyamalai hills, a biodiversity hotspot in southern Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Appearance:
This species typically exhibits a light to dark green or olive coloration, often with darker saddle-like blotches along the back. Like many vipers, it has a triangular head, vertical pupils, and heat-sensing pits near the nostrils. Some individuals may also show earthy brown, orange, or grey morphs. Its colouration and markings blend beautifully with the mossy, humid forest environments it calls home.
Key Features:
- Midbody dorsal scale rows: 21–23
- Ventral scales: ~147
- Tail tip with dark bands
- Distinctive colour morphs including green, brown, grey, and orange
- Genetically distinct from both C. malabaricus and C. anamallensis
Habitat:
Found in tropical montane forests, including shola-grassland mosaics and riparian zones in high elevations. It prefers undisturbed forest habitats but may also occur in well-shaded plantations near forests.
Range:
Endemic to the southernmost Western Ghats, specifically in the Agasthyamalai Hill Complex, including areas like Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Ponmudi, and Bonaccord. It is geographically isolated from its relatives by the Shencottah Gap to the north.
Behavior and Ecology:
This is a nocturnal, arboreal viper that hunts frogs, lizards, and other small vertebrates using its sensitive heat pits. It is venomous, but generally not aggressive. Its cryptic color allows it to remain well-camouflaged among wet leaf litter and low vegetation.
Conservation Note:
Due to its restricted range and dependency on pristine high-elevation forests, C. travancoricus may be vulnerable to habitat degradation, invasive species, and climate shifts. Its discovery highlights the need to prioritize forest conservation in the Agasthyamalai region.
