Craspedocephalus macrolepis is a striking and highly sought-after pit viper, known for its vivid green coloration, bluish tail, and distinctively large head scales. Endemic to the high-altitude rainforests of the southern Western Ghats, this species has long captivated herpetologists and wildlife photographers alike. Once placed in a separate genus (Peltopelor), it is now correctly recognized as part of the Craspedocephalus genus.

Appearance:
 This species stands out with its large, shield-like head scales, giving it a unique, armored look. The body is typically a bright or dark emerald green, with a contrasting white or cream lateral stripe running along its side. The tail tip is bluish, making it a favorite subject for macro photography. Compared to other pit vipers in the region, it has fewer dorsal scale rows and larger head plates.

Key Features:

  • Midbody dorsal scale rows: 13–19

  • Ventral scales: 133–140

  • Distinct large shield-like head scales

  • Bluish subcaudal tail tip

  • Restricted to elevations between 1100–2600 m

  • Separated from C. peltopelor by the Shencottah Gap

Habitat:
 This species is found in montane evergreen (shola) forests, forest edges, and even in tea and cardamom plantations at high elevations. It is largely arboreal, often seen resting on branches or foliage during the day and hunting at night.

Range:
 Endemic to the southern Western Ghats, particularly:

  • Anaimalai Hills

  • Palani Hills

  • High Wavy Mountains

  • Meghamalai and Sivagiri ranges
     North of the Shencottah Gap

Behavior and Ecology:
 C. macrolepis is nocturnal, ambush-oriented, and relies on heat-sensitive pits to detect prey like frogs, lizards, and rodents. It is generally calm when encountered and prefers not to bite unless provoked. Its bright green body and slow, careful movements make it a master of camouflage in the canopy and undergrowth.

Photography Tip:
 Look for this species resting on low branches or near forest trails in high-elevation shola patches during the monsoon. Its bluish tail and glossy head shields make for stunning portraits under natural light.

Conservation Note:
 Though locally common in some protected highland areas, C. macrolepis is vulnerable to habitat loss, plantation expansion, and climate change. Its narrow elevational range makes it especially sensitive to environmental disturbance.