Overview:
Craspedocephalus anamallensis is a beautiful and secretive pit viper found only in the montane rainforests of the southern Western Ghats. Once considered a variant of the Malabar Pit Viper, recent research has confirmed that it is a distinct species with its own unique evolutionary lineage.
Appearance:
This snake has a vibrant green or olive-colored body with darker zigzag saddle-shaped markings along its back. Like many pit vipers, it has a triangular head and vertical pupils. It may look similar to its close relatives, but subtle differences in body scale counts and head features, combined with its distinct genetics and geography, set it apart.
Key Features:
- Small scales on the head (unlike some relatives with large head shields)
- Divided supraocular scales (scales above the eyes)
- Typically has 21 midbody scale rows
- Ventral scales: around 157; subcaudals: ~55
- Clearly separated from its close relatives by the Shencottah and Palghat Gaps
Habitat:
Found in moist evergreen and riparian forests between 100 and 1800 meters above sea level, it is often seen on bushes or low branches near streams. It is also known to inhabit plantations such as coffee estates.
Range:
Exclusively distributed in the Anaimalai, Nelliyampathy, and Palni hills, and parts of the northern Periyar plateau, all located in the southern Western Ghats of India. It does not occur south of the Shencottah Gap or north of the Palghat Gap.
Behaviour and Ecology:
Craspedocephalus anamallensis is an arboreal species, spending much of its life off the ground. It is nocturnal, relying on its heat-sensing pits to locate prey like frogs, lizards, and small mammals. Like other pit vipers, it is venomous, but not typically aggressive.
Conservation Note:
Due to its restricted range and specific habitat preference, this species may be sensitive to habitat destruction and fragmentation. Accurate identification and protection of its habitat are important for its conservation.
